2025-2026 Spring Courses

Average GPA and Letter Grades for Courses offered by Bilkent University in 2025-2026 Spring Semester.

CodeTitleGPAGrade
ADA
ADA 131Architectural Drawing2.43 C+
ADA 134Designing with Digital Media2.48 C+
ADA 264History of Built Environment II2.37 C+
ADA 265How Houses Build People3.01 B
ADA 401Nexus:Creative Explorations Lab3.26 B
AMER
AMER 116Methods and Texts II2.70 B-
AMER 196Introduction to American Studies II2.88 B-
AMER 208American Texts and Contexts II2.79 B-
AMER 294American History II3.03 B
AMER 304Film Studies in American Culture Since 19602.52 C+
AMER 358American Intellectual History II2.60 C+
AMER 374American Poetry2.85 B-
AMER 384American Novel From 19002.70 B-
AMER 406Senior Project3.24 B
AMER 426American Studies in a Global Context3.04 B
AMER 477American Gothic 3.14 B
AMER 492Gender Studies in American Culture3.03 B
ARCH
ARCH 202Architectural Design Studio II2.93 B-
ARCH 231Statics and Strength of Materials2.23 C
ARCH 252Construction and Materials2.41 C+
ARCH 290Summer Practice IN/A X
ARCH 302Architectural Design Studio IV2.92 B-
ARCH 332Structural Design II2.44 C+
ARCH 342Environmental Technology2.50 C+
ARCH 390Summer Practice IIN/A X
ARCH 402Architectural Design Studio VI3.05 B
ARCH 411Conservation of Historical Environments2.73 B-
ARCH 418Professional Practice2.88 B-
ARCH 440Special Topics in Architectural Design3.20 B
ARCH 465Contemporary Architecture and Theory3.22 B
ARCH 511Critical Issues in Heritage StudiesNew Course X
ARCH 550Current Issues in Architectural Design3.78 A-
CHEM
CHEM 101Principles of Chemistry I2.56 C+
CHEM 102Principles of Chemistry II2.53 C+
CHEM 111Chemistry for the Society and Planet2.89 B-
CHEM 201Materials Science and Technology2.42 C+
CHEM 212Analytical Chemistry II2.34 C+
CHEM 213Analytical Chemistry Laboratory I2.84 B-
CHEM 232Organic Chemistry II2.26 C
CHEM 236Organic Chemistry Laboratory II3.06 B
CHEM 301Processing and Applications of Materials3.15 B
CHEM 324Physical Chemistry II2.60 C+
CHEM 328Quantum Chemistry II2.51 C+
CHEM 340Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory 3.38 B+
CHEM 342Inorganic Chemistry II2.64 C+
CHEM 418Photochemistry and Photophysics4.00 A
CHEM 422Introduction to Statistical Thermodynamics2.40 C+
CHEM 426Interfaces for Chemistry, Biology and Nanotechnology2.43 C+
CHEM 431Organic Chemistry of Carbonyl Compounds2.96 B-
CHEM 492Senior Project II2.67 C+
CHEM 507Statistical ThermodynamicsNew Course X
CHEM 515Molecular Spectroscopy3.55 B+
CHEM 518Photochemistry and Photophysics3.41 B+
CHEM 524Interfaces for Chemistry, Biology and Nanotechnology3.74 A-
CHEM 535Organic Chemistry of Carbonyl Compounds3.57 B+
CHEM 591Graduate Seminar IN/A X
CHEM 599Master's ThesisN/A X
CHEM 691Advanced Seminar IN/A X
CHEM 699Ph.D. DissertationN/A X
CI
CI 508Assessing Student Learning and Progress3.68 B+
CI 509Thesis Seminar IN/A X
CI 511Curriculum in an International Context3.67 B+
CI 514Curriculum Development and Evaluation3.88 A-
CI 599Master's ThesisN/A X
CI 606Qualitative Research Methods3.82 A-
CI 690Dissertation SeminarN/A X
CI 699Ph.D. DissertationN/A X
COMD
COMD 102Visual Communication Design II2.57 C+
COMD 203Media Studies I2.54 C+
COMD 204Media Studies II2.46 C+
COMD 210Introduction to Screenwriting2.79 B-
COMD 212Principles of Visual Communication Design2.73 B-
COMD 282Media and Design Studio II2.68 C+
COMD 290Summer Practice IN/A X
COMD 302Political CommunicationNew Course X
COMD 308Multi-Camera Production and Live-Recording3.36 B+
COMD 321Analysis of Moving Image2.67 C+
COMD 322Film Theory and Criticism2.69 C+
COMD 354Game Design and Research2.80 B-
COMD 355Digital Marketing Communication2.53 C+
COMD 356Digital Culture2.60 C+
COMD 357Multimedia Journalism3.04 B
COMD 358Professional Communication 2.98 B-
COMD 361Sound Design I2.74 B-
COMD 364Video Production for Non-majors 2.92 B-
COMD 365Character Animation and Sequential Storytelling3.21 B
COMD 382Media and Design Studio IV2.83 B-
COMD 390Summer Practice IIN/A X
COMD 422Advanced Issues in Communication Studies2.51 C+
COMD 434Special Topics in Journalism3.41 B+
COMD 437Post-production Techniques2.66 C+
COMD 438Adaptation in Media3.67 B+
COMD 442Directing Actors3.45 B+
COMD 482Visual Communication Project II3.07 B
COMD 511Research Methods3.42 B+
COMD 515Media Reception3.21 B
COMD 534Screen Studies and CriticismNew Course X
COMD 566Documentary Form and Practice 3.97 A-
COMD 590Seminar in Research TopicsN/A X
COMD 599Master's ThesisN/A X
CS
CS 101Algorithms and Programming I2.71 B-
CS 102Algorithms and Programming II2.71 B-
CS 115Introduction to Programming in Python2.40 C+
CS 121Introduction to Computer Applications and Programming2.63 C+
CS 125Introduction to Data Analysis for Social Sciences2.39 C+
CS 154Introduction to Web Design2.74 B-
CS 201Fundamental Structures of Computer Science I2.39 C+
CS 202Fundamental Structures of Computer Science II2.43 C+
CS 223Digital Design2.37 C+
CS 224Computer Organization2.53 C+
CS 281Computers and Data Organization2.69 C+
CS 299Summer Training IN/A X
CS 311Mathematical and Computational Foundations of Artifical IntelligenceNew Course X
CS 315Programming Languages2.55 C+
CS 319Object-Oriented Software Engineering2.65 C+
CS 342Operating Systems2.45 C+
CS 353Database Systems 2.48 C+
CS 390Individual Research Study3.59 B+
CS 399Summer Training IIN/A X
CS 421Computer Networks2.76 B-
CS 426Parallel Computing2.80 B-
CS 437Software Design Patterns2.78 B-
CS 439Automated Program Repair2.01 C
CS 449Learning for Robotics2.84 B-
CS 458Software Verification and Validation2.42 C+
CS 461Artificial Intelligence2.73 B-
CS 464Introduction to Machine Learning2.52 C+
CS 473Algorithms I2.25 C
CS 474Algorithms II2.93 B-
CS 475Data Privacy3.08 B
CS 476Automata Theory and Formal Languages2.23 C
CS 478Computational Geometry2.77 B-
CS 481Bioinformatics Algorithms2.38 C+
CS 485Deep Generative Networks3.17 B
CS 489Teaching Project in Computer Engineering 1.60 D+
CS 490Senior Research Project3.93 A-
CS 492Senior Design Project II3.67 B+
CS 502Algorithms II2.99 B-
CS 525Parallel Computing2.86 B-
CS 537Software Design Patterns3.50 B+
CS 539Automated Program Repair 2.98 B-
CS 549Learning for Robotics3.31 B+
CS 564Computational Geometry3.25 B
CS 573Algorithms I2.14 C
CS 577Data Privacy3.62 B+
CS 583Bioinformatics Algorithms3.29 B
CS 585Deep Generative Networks3.72 A-
CS 590Research Seminar IN/A X
CS 690Research Seminar IIN/A X
CTIS
CTIS 151Introduction to Programming2.70 B-
CTIS 152Algorithms and Data Structures2.49 C+
CTIS 163Discrete Mathematics 2.52 C+
CTIS 164Technical Mathematics with Programming 2.64 C+
CTIS 165Fundamentals of Information Systems2.50 C+
CTIS 166Information Technologies2.38 C+
CTIS 186Business Computer Applications2.79 B-
CTIS 221Object Oriented Programming2.45 C+
CTIS 222Object Oriented Analysis and Design2.37 C+
CTIS 255Frontend Web Technologies2.34 C+
CTIS 256Introduction to Backend Development2.44 C+
CTIS 259Database Management Systems and Applications2.77 B-
CTIS 261Fundamentals of Computer Networks1.91 C-
CTIS 264Computer Algorithms2.72 B-
CTIS 285Hospitality Industry Computerization2.57 C+
CTIS 286Food and Beverage Computer Applications2.38 C+
CTIS 290Summer InternshipN/A X
CTIS 310Semester Internship3.88 A-
CTIS 359Principles of Software Engineering2.40 C+
CTIS 363Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems 3.21 B
CTIS 365Applied Data Analysis2.46 C+
CTIS 456Senior Project II3.49 B+
CTIS 465Microservice Development3.57 B+
CTIS 471Introduction to Applied Machine Learning3.43 B+
CTIS 474Information Systems Auditing2.64 C+
CTIS 478Advanced Web Technologies2.59 C+
CTIS 486Linux System Administration2.17 C
CTIS 487Mobile Application Development2.58 C+
CTIS 491Software Validation Verification and Testing3.11 B
CTIS 496Computer and Network Security2.72 B-
ECON
ECON 101Introduction to Microeconomics2.36 C+
ECON 102Introduction to Macroeconomics1.95 C-
ECON 103Principles of Economics2.33 C+
ECON 107Principles of Microeconomics2.38 C+
ECON 108Principles of Macroeconomics2.20 C
ECON 203Microeconomics: Competitive Markets2.15 C
ECON 204Microeconomics: Strategic Interactions2.34 C+
ECON 205Macroeconomics: Business Cycles2.04 C
ECON 206Macroeconomics: Growth2.29 C
ECON 207Economic Theory for Engineers2.53 C+
ECON 221Probability and Statistical Distributions2.18 C
ECON 222Statistical Estimation and Inference2.18 C
ECON 225Mathematics for Economists2.05 C
ECON 301Econometrics 1.76 C-
ECON 320Digital AssetsNew Course X
ECON 322Monetary Economics2.49 C+
ECON 363Development of Economic Thought2.22 C
ECON 399Summer Training N/A X
ECON 426Applied Econometrics3.07 B
ECON 437Political Economy3.01 B
ECON 439Game Theory 2.55 C+
ECON 440Topics in Game Theory2.62 C+
ECON 444Bargaining Theory and Experiments2.62 C+
ECON 453Dynamic Systems and Control3.06 B
ECON 455Institutions and Development2.55 C+
ECON 458Labor Economics2.85 B-
ECON 492Turkish and World Economy After 19502.70 B-
ECON 504Microeconomic Theory II3.37 B+
ECON 506Macroeconomic Theory II3.65 B+
ECON 510Probability and Statistics II2.86 B-
ECON 516Mathematics for Economists II3.02 B
ECON 548Topics in Economics of Information3.95 A-
ECON 564Topics in Macroeconomic Theory II3.83 A-
ECON 592Masters Pre-Thesis Seminar IIN/A X
ECON 596Research Paper IIN/A X
ECON 599Master's ThesisN/A X
ECON 692Ph.D. Pre-Thesis Seminar IIN/A X
ECON 696Research Methods in Economics II3.33 B+
ECON 699Ph.D. DissertationN/A X
EDEB
EDEB 201Introduction to Turkish Fiction3.42 B+
EDU
EDU 101Educational Foundations I3.80 A-
EDU 114Fundamentals of Science and Its Applications3.67 B+
EDU 201Information and Instructional TechnologiesNew Course X
EDU 202Teaching Methods, Planning and EvaluationNew Course X
EDU 205International Primary School ProgramsNew Course X
EDU 215Literacy Education (in Turkish)New Course X
EEE
EEE 102Digital Logic Design2.29 C
EEE 202Circuit Theory2.10 C
EEE 211Analog Electronics2.50 C+
EEE 212Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems2.40 C+
EEE 299Summer Training IN/A X
EEE 313Electronic Circuit Design1.95 C-
EEE 321Signals and Systems2.23 C
EEE 342Feedback Control Systems2.39 C+
EEE 351Engineering Electromagnetics2.17 C
EEE 361Linear Algebra in Data Analysis and Machine Learning2.17 C
EEE 391Basics of Signals and Systems2.42 C+
EEE 392Individual Research Study3.87 A-
EEE 399Summer Training IIN/A X
EEE 415Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits2.47 C+
EEE 424Digital Signal Processing2.38 C+
EEE 429Photonics3.13 B
EEE 431Digital Communications2.41 C+
EEE 432Advanced Digital Communications3.07 B
EEE 442Nonlinear Systems2.68 C+
EEE 443Neural Networks3.06 B
EEE 447Introduction to Robotics 2.42 C+
EEE 448Reinforcement Learning and Dynamic Programming2.59 C+
EEE 475Medical Image Reconstruction and Processing2.83 B-
EEE 485Statistical Learning and Data Analytics2.52 C+
EEE 491Electrical and Electronics Engineering Design I2.63 C+
EEE 492Senior Project3.78 A-
EEE 494Industrial Design Project II3.78 A-
EEE 495Electrical and Electronics Engineering Design II3.47 B+
EEE 515Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits3.12 B
EEE 525Advanced Signal Processing3.51 B+
EEE 529Photonics3.20 B
EEE 530Advanced Digital Communications3.25 B
EEE 542Nonlinear Systems3.30 B+
EEE 543Neural Networks3.52 B+
EEE 547Introduction to Robotics 2.25 C
EEE 548Reinforcement Learning and Dynamic Programming3.50 B+
EEE 560Nanoengineering and Nanodevices3.71 A-
EEE 575Medical Image Reconstruction and Processing4.00 A
EEE 585Statistical Learning and Data Analytics3.19 B
EEE 591Graduate Seminar IN/A X
EEE 592Graduate Seminar IIN/A X
EEE 599Master's ThesisN/A X
EEE 633Coding Theory3.53 B+
EEE 634Information Theory3.53 B+
EEE 699Ph.D. DissertationN/A X
ELIT
ELIT 164Concepts in Literary Studies2.75 B-
ELIT 230Fiction and Narrative2.59 C+
ELIT 246Drama and Performance2.82 B-
ELIT 256Civil War, Restoration, Revolution2.86 B-
ELIT 290Summer Training IN/A X
ELIT 366Victorian Literature2.55 C+
ELIT 386Transformations: Novels between Genres, Genders, and Species3.42 B+
ELIT 389The Victorian Period. Attitudes, Values, and Ideas2.35 C+
ELIT 390Summer Training IIN/A X
ELIT 392Literary Theory2.56 C+
ELIT 393Essentials of Short Fiction3.10 B
ELIT 414Milton3.12 B
ELIT 419Turkish Travels3.16 B
ELIT 439Plays and Playwrights of the English Renaissance Excluding Shakespeare3.14 B
ELIT 445The Modern Pastoral3.12 B
ELIT 478Post-War Literature3.20 B
ELIT 490Senior Project 3.11 B
EMBA
EMBA 521Business Law2.71 B-
EMBA 544Foundations of Financial Management IN/A X
EMBA 545Foundations of Financial Management II0.74 X
EMBA 554Foundations of Marketing Management IN/A X
EMBA 555Foundations of Marketing Management IIN/A X
EMBA 556Managing Markets, Growth and ChangeN/A X
ENG
ENG 101English and Composition I2.76 B-
ENG 102English and Composition II3.00 B
ENG 118Advanced English Grammar II2.59 C+
ENG 206Business Communication3.57 B+
ENG 312Introduction to Creative Writing3.28 B
ENG 401Technical Report Writing and Presentation3.43 B+
FA
FA 102Basic Design II2.61 C+
FA 103Drawing I3.36 B+
FA 104Drawing II3.23 B
FA 106Foundation Studio II2.80 B-
FA 131Technical Drawing2.28 C
FA 132Design Graphics 2.40 C+
FA 171Introduction to Art, Design and Culture I2.62 C+
FA 172Introduction to Art, Design and Culture II2.68 C+
FA 208Anatomical Figure Drawing 3.28 B
FA 211Introduction to Painting I3.33 B+
FA 212Introduction to Painting II3.60 B+
FA 213Introduction to Printmaking I3.47 B+
FA 214Introduction to Printmaking II3.72 A-
FA 215Introduction to Sculpture I3.23 B
FA 217Introduction to Ceramics I3.44 B+
FA 219Ancient Techniques and New Technology in Mosaic3.33 B+
FA 271History of Art 2.91 B-
FA 290Summer Practice IN/A X
FA 302Art Studio IV3.47 B+
FA 321Computers in ArtNew Course X
FA 331Technology of Art3.64 B+
FA 390Summer Practice IIN/A X
FA 402Art Studio VI - Degree Project3.67 B+
FA 462Senior Seminar3.60 B+
FA 467Curatorial Studies I3.20 B
FA 473Contemporary Turkish Art2.90 B-
GE
GE 301Science Technology and Society3.14 B
GE 304Technology Society and Professional Development Seminar3.91 A-
GE 400Transdisciplinary Senior Project3.73 A-
GE 402Innovative Design and Entrepreneurship II3.37 B+
GE 420Applied Sustainable Business Development3.44 B+
GE 422Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion in Business3.31 B+
GE 512Quantitative Data Analysis3.54 B+
GE 513Qualitative Research Methods3.36 B+
GRA
GRA 132Lettering and Introduction to Typography3.02 B
GRA 202Graphic Design II3.27 B
GRA 205Rendering for Graphic Design I3.08 B
GRA 209Graphic Design for Non-Majors3.39 B+
GRA 211Typography I2.83 B-
GRA 212Typography II2.88 B-
GRA 215Computer Graphics for Film and Television I2.93 B-
GRA 218Essentials of Photography2.56 C+
GRA 219Advanced Photography3.00 B
GRA 290Summer Practice IN/A X
GRA 302Graphic Design IV3.13 B
GRA 316Interface Design Studio2.70 B-
GRA 317Motion Design Studio2.91 B-
GRA 324Photographic Practice2.53 C+
GRA 335Computational Design Methods3.14 B
GRA 353Creative Constructs:Conceptual 3D Design3.21 B
GRA 390Summer Practice IIN/A X
GRA 402Graphic Design VI3.00 B
GRA 421Illustration I3.26 B
GRA 423Professional Practice3.40 B+
HART
HART 117Ways of Seeing: Approaches to Art and Architectural History2.81 B-
HART 120Human Evolution and World Prehistory2.59 C+
HART 126Fieldwork Methodologies in Archaeology3.08 B
HART 208Roman Art and Archaeology2.82 B-
HART 219Anatolia I-Hunters,Farmers,Merchants in Prehistoric Anatolia2.78 B-
HART 221Great Discoveries from the Ancient World 3.03 B
HART 225Cultural Anthropology3.08 B
HART 232Ancient Greek II3.06 B
HART 240Latin II2.81 B-
HART 303Greek Sculpture3.50 B+
HART 325Anatolia II- The World of Hittites3.11 B
HART 373Hittite II3.76 A-
HART 400Senior Project3.71 A-
HART 426Ancient Technologies and Materials2.59 C+
HART 436Archaeological Method and Theory3.30 B+
HART 440Readings in Anatolian Art and Archaeology3.73 A-
HART 501Issues in Archaeological Theory2.98 B-
HART 508Issues in Pre-Classical Art and Archaeology2.06 C
HART 514Readings in Classical Archaeology3.80 A-
HART 543Hittite II2.52 C+
HART 552Ancient Greek II3.00 B
HART 564Latin II1.67 D+
HART 590SeminarN/A X
HART 599Master's ThesisN/A X
HCIV
HCIV 101History of Civilization I3.07 B
HCIV 102History of Civilization II3.23 B
HIST
HIST 200History of Turkey 3.56 B+
HIST 205An Introduction to the History of the Ottoman Empire3.40 B+
HIST 209History of Turkey3.59 B+
HIST 402Ottoman Turkish and Paleography II3.69 B+
HIST 412Ottoman History: 1600-19143.51 B+
HIST 414Byzantine History II: 1025-14533.13 B
HIST 418Modern Europe (1453-1914)3.42 B+
HIST 432History of the United States from the Reconstruction3.71 A-
HIST 482Latin for Medieval and Early Modern History II3.37 B+
HIST 490Field Related SeminarN/A X
HIST 502Ottoman Paleography II4.00 A
HIST 508Methodology in History II3.81 A-
HIST 512Ottoman Social and Economic History II4.00 A
HIST 520Sources of Ottoman Social and Economic History II4.00 A
HIST 559Economic History, the Rise of Capitalism3.71 A-
HIST 570Cultural History of the Ottoman Empire IINew Course X
HIST 573New Era/New Deal (1920-1945)3.78 A-
HIST 599Master's ThesisN/A X
HIST 618Islamic Thought, Law and Society in the Modern AgeNew Course X
HIST 692Pre-Thesis SeminarN/A X
HIST 693Pre-Thesis SeminarN/A X
HIST 699Ph.D. DissertationN/A X
HIST 5516The Vikings3.65 B+
HUM
HUM 111Cultures Civilizations and Ideas I2.81 B-
HUM 112Cultures Civilizations and Ideas II2.96 B-
HUM 113Democracy and Empire in the Ancient WorldNew Course X
IAED
IAED 202Interior Design Studio II2.76 B-
IAED 211Media for Representation 2.64 C+
IAED 221Human Factors2.56 C+
IAED 244Lighting Design2.59 C+
IAED 252Construction and Materials II2.44 C+
IAED 290Summer Practice IN/A X
IAED 302Interior Design Studio IV2.86 B-
IAED 322People and Environment2.65 C+
IAED 342Sustainable Design for Interiors2.67 C+
IAED 365Places/Memories3.03 B
IAED 390Summer Practice IIN/A X
IAED 402Interior Design Studio VI2.93 B-
IAED 418Interior Design: Professional Practice2.93 B-
IAED 463History of Furniture2.52 C+
IAED 481Product Detailing Studio3.10 B
IAED 502Graduate Studio II3.56 B+
IAED 514Research Methods II3.64 B+
IAED 583Design Principles and Theories3.46 B+
IAED 599Master's ThesisN/A X
IAED 699Ph.D. DissertationN/A X
IE
IE 102A Process Outlook for Industrial Engineering2.65 C+
IE 202Introduction to Modeling and Optimization2.55 C+
IE 272Manufacturing Processes and Operations Analysis2.50 C+
IE 299Summer Training IN/A X
IE 303Modeling and Methods in Optimization2.02 C
IE 324Simulation2.32 C+
IE 325Stochastic Models2.27 C
IE 342Engineering Economic Analysis2.38 C+
IE 375Production Planning2.53 C+
IE 376Production Information Systems2.65 C+
IE 380Quality Control and Improvement2.67 C+
IE 399Summer Training IIN/A X
IE 400Principles of Engineering Management2.65 C+
IE 411Introduction to Nonlinear Optimization3.03 B
IE 424Introduction to the Concepts and Dynamics of Innovation2.88 B-
IE 428Project Scheduling2.79 B-
IE 448Financial Issues in Engineering Projects2.85 B-
IE 451Applied Data Analysis2.59 C+
IE 453Energy Systems Planning2.67 C+
IE 458Quantum OptimizationNew Course X
IE 462Introduction to Advanced Manufacturing Technologies2.76 B-
IE 463Operations Scheduling2.76 B-
IE 468Pricing and Revenue Optimization 2.86 B-
IE 478Systems Design - Synthesis3.53 B+
IE 482Humanitarian Logistics2.69 C+
IE 490Introduction to Research in IE and OR I3.98 A-
IE 491Introduction to Research in IE and OR II2.90 B-
IE 496Seminar in Production SystemsN/A X
IE 513Linear Programming2.79 B-
IE 514Network Flows3.64 B+
IE 558Quantum OptimizationNew Course X
IE 590Research Topics in IE and ORN/A X
IE 599Master's ThesisN/A X
IE 690Advanced Research Topics in IE and ORN/A X
IE 699Ph.D. DissertationN/A X
IR
IR 101Introduction to World Politics2.28 C
IR 205Diplomatic History 2.36 C+
IR 214Global Environmental Issues2.57 C+
IR 227Research Methods in International Relations 2.40 C+
IR 23620th Century World Politics2.49 C+
IR 303International Law 2.03 C
IR 305International Organizations2.20 C
IR 333Foreign Policy Analysis2.67 C+
IR 335International Relations Theory2.62 C+
IR 338International Political Economy2.40 C+
IR 354Introduction to Middle East PoliticsNew Course X
IR 358International Security2.88 B-
IR 399Summer TrainingN/A X
IR 439Turkish Foreign Policy 2.78 B-
IR 441Latin American Politics2.76 B-
IR 493European Union2.64 C+
IR 509Pre-thesis SeminarN/A X
IR 599Master's ThesisN/A X
IR 626International Political Economy3.80 A-
IR 690Pre-Thesis SeminarN/A X
IR 699Ph.D. DissertationN/A X
IR 4022Protection of Human Rights in the European Union and Turkey2.56 C+
IR 4127Citizenship and Identity in the European Union2.52 C+
IR 4130Foreign Policy and Public Opinion2.97 B-
IR 4132Grand Strategy3.01 B
IR 4148Human Security in International RelationsNew Course X
IR 4173Digital Diplomacy and Strategic CommunicationNew Course X
IR 5104Issues in Turkish Foreign Policy 3.45 B+
IR 5120Topics in International Security3.82 A-
LAUD
LAUD 202Design Studio II: Housing 2.78 B-
LAUD 241Landscape Plants2.92 B-
LAUD 252Site Design Techniques2.99 B-
LAUD 302Design Studio IV: City Center2.96 B-
LAUD 342Planting Design Studio2.73 B-
LAUD 372Analysis of Urban Environment3.37 B+
LAUD 402Senior Design Studio II: Graduation Projects3.18 B
LAUD 404Senior Design Research3.25 B
LAUD 418Professional Practice3.36 B+
LAW
LAW 102Roman Law2.36 C+
LAW 104Turkish Constitutional Law (in Turkish)2.06 C
LAW 105Civil Law: Introductory Provisions and Natural Persons (in Turkish)2.11 C
LAW 106Legal Persons and Family Law (in Turkish)2.71 B-
LAW 201Law of Obligations I (in Turkish)2.28 C
LAW 202Law of Obligations II (in Turkish)2.73 B-
LAW 204Criminal Law II (in Turkish)2.51 C+
LAW 206Administrative Judiciary (in Turkish)2.34 C+
LAW 210Basic Concepts of Law (in Turkish)2.70 B-
LAW 211Basic Concepts of Law2.68 C+
LAW 216Introduction to Anglo-American Law3.26 B
LAW 302Civil Procedure II (in Turkish)2.06 C
LAW 306Law of Property II (in Turkish)2.55 C+
LAW 308Company Law (in Turkish)2.33 C+
LAW 313Business Law (in Turkish)2.91 B-
LAW 315Administrative Law (in Turkish)2.08 C
LAW 320Legal Aspects of Blockchain, Crypto Assets and Smart Contracts3.45 B+
LAW 358Criminal Law Special Provisions (in Turkish)2.45 C+
LAW 366Legal Sociology(in Turkish)2.30 C+
LAW 384Criminology (in Turkish)3.18 B
LAW 396Equality Law (in Turkish)3.54 B+
LAW 405International Human Rights Law2.81 B-
LAW 406International Commercial Arbitration1.63 D+
LAW 407Tax Law (in Turkish)2.83 B-
LAW 410Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law (in Turkish)2.63 C+
LAW 412Labor Law (in Turkish)2.08 C
LAW 423Law of Capital Markets (in Turkish)2.73 B-
LAW 451Moot Court IIINew Course X
LAW 475Financial Technologies Law (FinTech Law)New Course X
LAW 482European and International Migration Law (in Turkish)3.20 B
LAW 507Public Economic Law (in Turkish)2.97 B-
LAW 514Data Protection Law (in Turkish)New Course X
LAW 571Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations (in Turkish)3.91 A-
LAW 590Pre-Thesis SeminarN/A X
LAW 599Master's ThesisN/A X
LAW 624International Procedure (in Turkish)3.86 A-
LAW 633Individual Application to the Constitutional Court (Merits and Procedure) (in Turkish)4.00 A
LAW 644Private Law Remedies in Competition Law (in Turkish)3.15 B
LAW 689Pre-Thesis SeminarN/A X
LAW 699Ph.D. DissertationN/A X
LNG
LNG 111Spanish I2.95 B-
LNG 112Spanish II2.96 B-
LNG 113Spanish III3.08 B
LNG 114Intermediate Spanish I3.29 B
LNG 115Intermediate Spanish II3.18 B
LNG 121French I2.68 C+
LNG 122French II2.64 C+
LNG 123French III3.06 B
LNG 124Intermediate French I3.09 B
LNG 131German I2.57 C+
LNG 132German II2.60 C+
LNG 133German III2.87 B-
LNG 134Intermediate German I2.98 B-
LNG 141Italian I2.77 B-
LNG 142Italian II2.94 B-
LNG 161Russian I2.93 B-
LNG 162Russian II2.87 B-
LNG 163Russian III2.85 B-
LNG 171Turkish I2.81 B-
LNG 172Turkish II2.71 B-
LNG 173Turkish III2.96 B-
LNG 174Intermediate Turkish I2.79 B-
LNG 179Advanced Turkish II3.25 B
LNG 191Arabic I3.46 B+
LNG 221Chinese I2.91 B-
LNG 222Chinese II3.23 B
LNG 231Korean I3.14 B
LNG 232Korean II3.24 B
LNG 241Japanese I3.21 B
LNG 242Japanese II3.27 B
MAN
MAN 101Introduction to Business I2.36 C+
MAN 102Introduction to Business II2.11 C
MAN 211Principles of Accounting I2.38 C+
MAN 213Principles of Financial Accounting2.26 C
MAN 216Elements of Finance2.61 C+
MAN 256Introduction to Management Science2.54 C+
MAN 262Organizational Behavior2.50 C+
MAN 303Business Ethics and Social ResponsibilityNew Course X
MAN 312Managerial Accounting2.22 C
MAN 321Corporate Finance2.26 C
MAN 333Marketing Principles2.68 C+
MAN 335Fundamentals of Marketing2.68 C+
MAN 341Production Management2.52 C+
MAN 361Organization Theory2.50 C+
MAN 364Digital InnovationNew Course X
MAN 399Summer PracticeN/A X
MAN 403International Business2.58 C+
MAN 406Business Strategy2.30 C+
MAN 416Financial Statement Analysis3.14 B
MAN 421Capital Markets and Institutions2.95 B-
MAN 422International Finance2.73 B-
MAN 424Risk Management2.57 C+
MAN 425Corporate Financial Strategy2.89 B-
MAN 427Behavioral Finance2.51 C+
MAN 432Consumer Behavior2.86 B-
MAN 434Integrated Marketing Communications 2.68 C+
MAN 437Retail Management3.12 B
MAN 444Special Topics in Finance2.99 B-
MAN 447Project Management2.63 C+
MAN 456Business Analytics3.09 B
MAN 495Business Capstone Project3.54 B+
MAN 590Pro-Thesis SeminarN/A X
MAN 593Research Paper IN/A X
MAN 594Research Paper IIN/A X
MAN 599Master's Thesis ProjectN/A X
MAN 634Consumer Behavior Theory I3.73 A-
MAN 690Pre-Thesis SeminarN/A X
MAN 699Ph.D. DissertationN/A X
MATH
MATH 101Calculus I2.18 C
MATH 102Calculus II2.10 C
MATH 103Thinking Mathematically I2.35 C+
MATH 104Thinking Mathematically II2.44 C+
MATH 105Introduction to Calculus I2.08 C
MATH 106Introduction to Calculus II1.92 C-
MATH 124Abstract Mathematics II2.22 C
MATH 132Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics2.23 C
MATH 210Finite and Discrete Mathematics1.96 C-
MATH 214Advanced Calculus II2.23 C
MATH 220Linear Algebra2.53 C+
MATH 224Linear Algebra II1.86 C-
MATH 225Linear Algebra and Differential Equations2.03 C
MATH 227Introduction to Linear Algebra2.23 C
MATH 230Probability and Statistics for Engineers2.40 C+
MATH 240Differential Equations2.51 C+
MATH 241Engineering Mathematics I2.05 C
MATH 242Engineering Mathematics II2.43 C+
MATH 250Introduction to Probability2.29 C
MATH 253Introduction to Number Theory1.80 C-
MATH 255Probability and Statistics2.38 C+
MATH 260Introduction to Statistics2.47 C+
MATH 262Statistical Methodology2.57 C+
MATH 264Statistics for Social Sciences2.39 C+
MATH 325Representation Theory2.50 C+
MATH 345Differential Geometry I2.41 C+
MATH 524Algebra II3.90 A-
MATH 605Topics in Functional Analysis I3.67 B+
MBA
MBA 522Corporate Finance3.01 B
MBA 532Marketing Management3.35 B+
MBA 561Managing People and Organizations3.56 B+
MBA 591Business Strategy3.45 B+
MBA 592Business Practice Project3.69 B+
MBA 634Strategic Behavior and Competition3.71 A-
MBA 643Business Analytics3.67 B+
MBG
MBG 102Biology II2.73 B-
MBG 110Introduction to Modern Biology2.81 B-
MBG 222Fundamentals of Molecular Genetics 1.85 C-
MBG 223Molecular Genetics2.75 B-
MBG 291Summer Practice IN/A X
MBG 302Molecular Biology of the Cell II2.82 B-
MBG 312Biochemistry II3.00 B
MBG 316Physiology2.92 B-
MBG 338Microbiology2.90 B-
MBG 391Summer Practice IIN/A X
MBG 418Genomics3.27 B
MBG 470Immunology3.28 B
MBG 472Introduction to Stem Cells3.44 B+
MBG 487Special Techniques in Molecular Genetics3.36 B+
MBG 491Senior Project I3.93 A-
MBG 492Senior Project with Thesis3.87 A-
MBG 505Advanced Molecular Genetics3.78 A-
MBG 510Special Topics in Molecular Biology II3.18 B
MBG 513Bioinformatics3.92 A-
MBG 599Master's ThesisN/A X
MBG 602Molecular and Cellular Immunology3.47 B+
MBG 603Molecular Bases of Cancer3.63 B+
MBG 617Experimental Molecular Biology and Genetics II3.99 A-
MBG 624Seminars in Molecular Genetics IIN/A X
MBG 699Ph.D. DissertationN/A X
ME
ME 101Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering2.62 C+
ME 103Introduction to Computer-Aided Design3.18 B
ME 212Thermo-Fluids Engineering II1.98 C-
ME 232Mechanics and Materials II2.66 C+
ME 299Summer Practice IN/A X
ME 342Dynamics and Control II 2.39 C+
ME 361Numerical Methods for Engineers2.36 C+
ME 362Finite Elements2.81 B-
ME 371Measurement and Instrumentation2.47 C+
ME 381Design and Manufacturing 2.56 C+
ME 399Summer Practice IIN/A X
ME 438Advanced Heat TransferNew Course X
ME 443Machine Elements2.34 C+
ME 482Mechanical Engineering Design II3.60 B+
ME 488Systems Engineering and Product DevelopmentNew Course X
ME 490Undergraduate Research in ME3.96 A-
ME 550Continuum Mechanics 3.85 A-
ME 588Systems Engineering and Product DevelopmentNew Course X
ME 630Advanced Heat Transfer3.20 B
MSC
MSC 100Freshman ConcertN/A X
MSC 103Symphony Orchestra I3.65 B+
MSC 104Symphony Orchestra II3.38 B+
MSC 106Ear Training for Non-Majors II3.15 B
MSC 110The Culture and Basics of Music Making3.08 B
MSC 112Composition II3.52 B+
MSC 114Instrumentation 3.81 A-
MSC 122Fundamentals of Musicianship IIN/A X
MSC 132Instrument II2.27 C
MSC 153Bilkent Chorale I3.92 A-
MSC 154Bilkent Chorale II3.96 A-
MSC 172Theory II: Harmony and Voice Leading2.73 B-
MSC 174Opera and Instrumental Music in the Baroque Period3.00 B
MSC 182Ear Training II3.00 B
MSC 203Symphony Orchestra III3.66 B+
MSC 204Symphony Orchestra IV3.51 B+
MSC 211Composition III3.45 B+
MSC 212Composition IV3.67 B+
MSC 214Advanced Orchestration II3.41 B+
MSC 231Instrument III3.01 B
MSC 232Instrument IV2.16 C
MSC 250Singing for Theatre II3.99 A-
MSC 252Singing Voice IV2.54 C+
MSC 253Bilkent Chorale III3.73 A-
MSC 254Bilkent Chorale IV4.00 A
MSC 272Theory IV: Classical Form2.92 B-
MSC 27419th Century Music and Modernity2.31 C+
MSC 300Junior ConcertN/A X
MSC 303Symphony Orchestra V3.55 B+
MSC 304Symphony Orchestra VI3.34 B+
MSC 312Composition VI3.03 B
MSC 316Score Reading II3.24 B
MSC 321Tonal Counterpoint3.28 B
MSC 322Post - Tonal Theory2.72 B-
MSC 332Instrument VI2.64 C+
MSC 352Singing Voice VI3.57 B+
MSC 353Bilkent Chorale V4.00 A
MSC 354Bilkent Chorale VI4.00 A
MSC 399Summer PracticeN/A X
MSC 403Symphony Orchestra VII3.46 B+
MSC 404Symphony Orchestra VIII3.64 B+
MSC 412Composition VIII: Graduation Project1.73 C-
MSC 427Conducting IV3.67 B+
MSC 432Instrument VIII: Graduation Concert1.38 D+
MSC 451Singing Voice VII3.50 B+
MSC 453Bilkent Chorale VII 2.00 C
MSC 454Bilkent Chorale VIIINew Course X
MSC 487Introduction to Electroacoustic Music3.87 A-
MSC 521Master's Lecture Recital3.82 A-
MSC 541Master's Final Concert3.20 B
MSC 567New Music Topics and Analysis2.65 C+
MSC 572Perspectives in Musical Analysis3.59 B+
MSC 599Master's ThesisN/A X
MSN
MSN 501Atomic Structure, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Materials3.39 B+
MSN 513Micro and Nanostructured Sensors and Biosensing Applications3.61 B+
MSN 514Computational Methods for Material Science and Complex Systems3.84 A-
MSN 518Nanoscience and Nanotechnology II3.63 B+
MSN 529Introduction to Adaptive Optics and Optical Imaging3.33 B+
MSN 530Biomolecular Modeling and Simulation2.91 B-
MSN 533Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion and Storage3.57 B+
MSN 541Nanobiotechnology3.42 B+
MSN 551Introduction to Micro and Nanofabrication3.72 A-
MSN 555Laser Physics: from Principles to Applications for Materials Science3.36 B+
MSN 598Seminar IN/A X
MSN 599Master's ThesisN/A X
MSN 698Seminar IIN/A X
MSN 699Ph.D. ThesisN/A X
NSC
NSC 510Systems Neuroscience3.55 B+
NSC 513Behavioral Neuroscience 3.60 B+
NSC 517Neuroanatomy1.50 D+
NSC 518Basic Mechanism of Nervous System Disorders3.57 B+
NSC 519Comparative Cognitive NeuroscienceNew Course X
NSC 539Visual Neuroscience1.67 D+
NSC 591Pro-thesis Seminar IN/A X
NSC 599Neuroscience Master's ThesisN/A X
NSC 672Applied Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Neuroscience3.89 A-
NSC 691Pro-thesis Seminar IIN/A X
NSC 699Neuroscience Ph.D. DissertationN/A X
PHIL
PHIL 101Introduction to Logic2.30 C+
PHIL 102Ancient Philosophy2.87 B-
PHIL 104Introduction to Philosophy II3.11 B
PHIL 202Ethics3.20 B
PHIL 204Empiricists3.13 B
PHIL 243Social and Political Philosophy I3.00 B
PHIL 244Social and Political Philosophy II3.06 B
PHIL 299Summer Training IN/A X
PHIL 301Political Philosophy2.97 B-
PHIL 302Social and Legal Philosophy2.95 B-
PHIL 304History and Philosophy of Science3.24 B
PHIL 306Philosophy of Language2.61 C+
PHIL 308Philosophy of Mind3.03 B
PHIL 399Summer Training IIN/A X
PHIL 403Senior Thesis I3.16 B
PHIL 404Senior Thesis II2.41 C+
PHIL 409PhenomenologyNew Course X
PHIL 502Research Preparation in Philosophy II3.69 B+
PHIL 529PhenomenologyNew Course X
PHIL 534Social and Legal Philosophy3.86 A-
PHIL 591Thesis Seminar IN/A X
PHIL 599M.A.DissertationN/A X
PHIL 691Thesis Seminar IIN/A X
PHIL 699Ph.D. DissertationN/A X
PHYS
PHYS 101General Physics I2.45 C+
PHYS 102General Physics II2.25 C
PHYS 180Conceptual Physics3.31 B+
PHYS 212Modern Physics2.40 C+
PHYS 218Analytical Mechanics1.85 C-
PHYS 242Advanced Calculus for Applications in Physics2.11 C
PHYS 316Electromagnetic Theory II3.20 B
PHYS 326Quantum Mechanics II2.84 B-
PHYS 334Statistical Physics2.59 C+
PHYS 374Experimental Methods of Physics3.38 B+
PHYS 442Quantum optics3.24 B
PHYS 446Condensed Matter Physics II3.72 A-
PHYS 483Quantum Field Theory INew Course X
PHYS 491Senior Project I3.46 B+
PHYS 492Senior Project II3.35 B+
PHYS 542Electromagnetic Theory II3.06 B
PHYS 544Advanced Quantum Mechanics II2.78 B-
PHYS 552Statistical Physics3.47 B+
PHYS 583Quantum Field Theory INew Course X
PHYS 591Graduate Seminar IN/A X
PHYS 592Graduate Seminar IIN/A X
PHYS 599Master's ThesisN/A X
PHYS 612Quantum opticsNew Course X
PHYS 699Ph.D. DissertationN/A X
POLS
POLS 101Politics I: What is it?2.38 C+
POLS 104Politics II: How Does It Work?2.64 C+
POLS 201Fundamentals of Social Research2.57 C+
POLS 303Comparative Politics of Advanced Industrialized Countries2.75 B-
POLS 304Comparative Politics of Developing Countries2.67 C+
POLS 305Turkish Political Development2.80 B-
POLS 306Contemporary Turkish Politics2.66 C+
POLS 309Turkish Political Thought I2.93 B-
POLS 338Cosmopolis: From the Roman to the Ottoman and British Empires2.70 B-
POLS 399Summer TrainingN/A X
POLS 420Theory and Modern Society3.06 B
POLS 437Politics and Literature2.90 B-
POLS 463Politics of Security3.06 B
POLS 465Governance and Public Policy 2.72 B-
POLS 467Conflict, Violence, and Peace2.66 C+
POLS 480European Politics2.72 B-
POLS 508Women in Politics and Policy3.90 A-
POLS 551Pre-Thesis Seminar IN/A X
POLS 599Master's ThesisN/A X
POLS 602Seminar in Comparative Politics3.78 A-
POLS 651Pre-Thesis Seminar IN/A X
POLS 699Ph.D. DissertationN/A X
POLS 4508Women in Politics and Policy2.72 B-
POLS 5437Politics and Literature3.47 B+
POLS 5463Politics of Security3.86 A-
POLS 5467Conflict, Violence, and Peace3.84 A-
PSYC
PSYC 100Introduction to Psychology2.57 C+
PSYC 101Introduction to Psychology/Cognitive and Biological2.40 C+
PSYC 102Introduction to Social Psychology2.64 C+
PSYC 103Introduction to Psychology/Social and Developmental2.68 C+
PSYC 200Cognitive Psychology2.58 C+
PSYC 203Statistical Methods in Psychological Science I2.65 C+
PSYC 204Research Methods in Psychological Science I2.45 C+
PSYC 205Statistical Methods in Psychological Science II2.84 B-
PSYC 206Research Methods in Psychological Science II3.28 B
PSYC 220Brain and Behavior2.46 C+
PSYC 230Social Psychology2.78 B-
PSYC 240Developmental Psychology2.63 C+
PSYC 310Perception, Attention, and Action2.71 B-
PSYC 340Learning and Memory2.57 C+
PSYC 350Advanced Cognitive and Social Development2.70 B-
PSYC 360Individual Differences and Personality2.71 B-
PSYC 391Directed Research in Psychology3.95 A-
PSYC 399Summer TrainingN/A X
PSYC 410Neuropsychology2.89 B-
PSYC 420Selected Topics in Cognitive Psychology2.60 C+
PSYC 430Clinical Psychology2.92 B-
PSYC 431Psychological Testing and Measurement2.87 B-
PSYC 433Abnormal Psychology2.65 C+
PSYC 434Child and Adolescent Psychopathology3.29 B
PSYC 437Program EvaluationNew Course X
PSYC 439Visual Neuroscience2.97 B-
PSYC 449Clinical Interview Skills and Techniques3.67 B+
PSYC 482Mind in Evolution2.98 B-
PSYC 498Senior Project I3.83 A-
PSYC 499Senior Project II3.90 A-
PSYC 501Advanced Cognitive Psychology3.74 A-
PSYC 517Selected Topics in Cognitive PsychologyNew Course X
PSYC 591Pro-Thesis Seminar IN/A X
PSYC 599Master's ThesisN/A X
PSYC 610Neuropsychology3.07 B
PSYC 673Advanced Training in Psychological Research II1.94 C-
PSYC 691Pro-Thesis Seminar IIN/A X
PSYC 699Ph.D. DissertationN/A X
SOC
SOC 101Introduction to Sociology2.44 C+
TEFL
TEFL 501Second Language AcquisitionNew Course X
TEFL 510Language Testing3.61 B+
TEFL 512Issues in ESP3.50 B+
TEFL 524EFL Methodology II3.48 B+
TEFL 531Research Methods in Linguistics I2.98 B-
TEFL 550Thesis SeminarN/A X
TEFL 551Research Seminar I3.71 A-
TEFL 554Thesis WritingN/A X
TEFL 555Written Academic Discourse3.28 B
TEFL 603Instructional Supervision3.55 B+
THEA
THEA 182Acting Techniques II-SingingN/A X
THM
THM 105Service Business Management2.08 C
THM 106Principles of Accounting2.23 C
THM 168Nutrition and Sanitation2.14 C
THM 243Rooms Division Management2.22 C
THM 244Food Production Techniques3.24 B
THM 245Purchasing and Cost Analysis1.33 D+
THM 246Restaurant Service2.96 B-
THM 247Food and Beverage Management2.77 B-
THM 302Human Resources Analytics and Applications3.03 B
THM 303Statistics and Quantitative Methods2.13 C
THM 309Principles of Marketing2.74 B-
THM 310Semester Internship3.12 B
THM 323International Cuisines3.23 B
THM 409Tourism Law2.13 C
THM 415Finance2.18 C
THM 416Revenue Management and Data Analytics3.41 B+
THM 418Senior Project3.51 B+
THM 419Strategic Management in Hospitality2.66 C+
THM 423Tourism Economics3.08 B
THR
THR 102Fundamentals of Acting II3.03 B
THR 104Voice and Speech II3.42 B+
THR 106Movement and Combat II3.34 B+
THR 108Dance II3.61 B+
THR 110Introduction to Theatre History3.30 B+
THR 112Phonetics II3.69 B+
THR 202Acting II3.05 B
THR 204Voice and Speech IV2.71 B-
THR 206Movement and Combat IV3.19 B
THR 228History of Theater II: Renaissance to 20th Century3.16 B
THR 302Acting IV 3.82 A-
THR 332Textual Interpretation and Analysis II3.22 B
THR 333On Camera Acting3.72 A-
THR 339Playwriting3.24 B
THR 428History of Turkish Theater3.71 A-
THR 452Senior Project II3.78 A-
TRIN
TRIN 112French Turkish Translation3.01 B
TRIN 122English-Turkish Translation3.29 B
TRIN 134Texts and Composition in French II3.37 B+
TRIN 222Translation Studies II2.74 B-
TRIN 227British and American Cultures and Civilisations3.10 B
TRIN 241Translation of Economic and Financial Texts3.40 B+
TRIN 242Localisation3.22 B
TRIN 268Sight Translation II2.60 C+
TRIN 336Introduction to Simultaneous Interpretation2.99 B-
TRIN 364Literary Translation (English-Turkish)3.22 B
TRIN 366Literary Translation (French-Turkish)3.39 B+
TRIN 390Summer PracticeN/A X
TRIN 399Common European FrameworkN/A X
TRIN 473Advanced Turkish Communication3.39 B+
TRIN 474Interpreting for Public Services3.54 B+
TRIN 477Advanced Terminology Studies3.66 B+
TRIN 480Audiovisual Translation 3.97 A-
TRIN 488Simultaneous Interpreting3.46 B+
TRIN 490Capstone Project3.35 B+
TURK
TURK 101Turkish I3.33 B+
TURK 102Turkish II3.45 B+